Social Work Management in Youth and Communities

companionable Work Management in Youth and Communities1.0 IntroductionYouth incline in the conjunction, which is primarily performed by specially trained young person doers who institute with young personfulness at risk in group homes and ships company centres demands a high take of film directorial skills blend with the skill in social bring as argued by tendency Krueger (2000)1. The fact that the spring chicken work is a non-profit approach makes it pull that the naturalised wariness concepts were successful in profit- found organization destiny necessarily prove effective when deployed. In this report an overview of the theories embracing the prudence and social work with regards to offspring and friendship work is booned to the reader. The report also demonstrates relevant examples from my previous experience in order to justify that the source of this report is ready to perform as an autonomous and reflective practitioner in the field of view of offspri ng and association work. Furthermore, the report also presents a critical analysis on the British Social policies and the European Union perspective. A brief review on the global view on the callowness work is also presented before concluding the report.2.0 Overview of the suppositional concepts embracing young and community work with examplesThis section commences with the overview on the counsel and historical content that reflects upon the callowness work is presented to the reader. This is then followed by the analysis of the development and control system where the importance of the intentning and nurture management is presented to the reader. The section is then concluded with an overview on the human resource management concepts embracing the youthfulness work.2.1 Management and historical contentPeter F. Druker (1990)2 says that management in the non-profit context is non just now close to effective exercise and development just now in the main embraces the i dea of value addition to the society. The fact that the non-profit organizations are change magnitude in number with the clog from political science and public as argued by Robert F. Ashcraft (2000)3. This is not gain ground because of the fact that the non-profit organizations are focussed upon charity and fund raising but also involves the development of people at risk. The youth at risk development, which is of participation in this report, was given high level of importance lonesome(prenominal) since the dawn of the twenty-first century even though it was emphasised by many enquiryers as early as 1978 by Paul Osterman (1978)4.As stated before, youth work in the community is a non-profit approach where the aim is to provide support and development to the youth at risk. This makes it clear that the nature of the work involved is varied and hence management skills that embrace the social work and value addition are necessary than the effective performance managers who fair well in the profit-based organizations.Furthermore, it is also interesting to credit line that the youth work is not always about the social work to revive youth in danger but also to provide value-added service to the community in order to develop the youth of the nation through imparting culture and discipline. Alongside, it is also an intriguing fact that even through the youth work is a non-profit approach, the investment involved with the stage setting up and the running costs of the community work are relatively high with negligible or no income being generated. The support by the government and the local city council being the major source of the support financially, the management skills of the youth workers should not only embrace the efficient cost management methods but also focus upon developing the effective human relationship strategy with the community in order to involve the neighbourhood to support the community work morally or even financially as argued by Mark Krueger (2000).The fact that youth work is predominantly involves the counselling, teaching and caring for the youth who come to the youth shelter having been abused, or in choose of respite from home. In these cases the managerial skills of the youth worker should be more empathetic than focusing upon the development. The soft skills of the management comparable patience, proactive management to support people in need are the essential constituents of management that should be demonstrated by a youth worker as argued by Mark Schoenhals (1998)5. This justifies that the effective management in the social work context is not about performance but in general about the deployment of the soft skills to support the youth in need.Alongside it is also essential to mention that the youth workers management skills should not only reflect upon the development of the youth but also to focus upon the entire neighbourhood the youth worker is works at as argued by Mark Krueger (2000)6. The fa ct that the youth worker predominantly working in a volatile surround (i.e.) an unstable work place like the temporary youth shelter, working with the parents, foster parents etc as identified by Mark Krueger (2000) makes it clear that the youth worker management skills should be versatile to accommodate the changes in the environment effectively.The authors experience from working with the Coventry Youth service has justified the aforementioned argument where the author gained experience of working with the Asian community youth in Hill-fields are of Coventry. Alongside, the student development programme conducted at Binley area which was focused upon the development of the youth through working with the parents and foster parents of the youth is another justification that the versatile management skills that embrace the soft skills is essential for the successful development of the youth work. It is also critical to state here that the author who led the youth development programm e at Binley with a aggroup of six youth workers giveed the goals of the hold (provide support and development opportunity to the youth in the community through working with their parents or foster parents) through the efficient deployment of the management skills discussed above.2.2 Information and Control systemInformation and control in the youth work is a critical element in order to achieve the goal of providing development services to the youth. This is mainly because of the fact that the youth worker having to face a varied environment requires accurate and comprehensive information so as to effectively deploy the development plan. Mark Krueger (2000) argues that the information is a critical element for the successful cooking of the development plan in a give youth and community work scenario. This is not only because of the need to effectively deploy the resources but also to carry through the goal of the youth work that is projected for the day. Alongside, it is also essential to note that the control over the youth work is essential in order to accomplish the set goals of the project on hand without wastage of time and resources.Sara Banks (1998)7 argues that the youth work in a community should be deployed in a controlled manner reflecting upon the ethical conduct and code of ethics mainly because of the fact that the youth work itself involves the deployment of self-renunciation and control by the youth worker who strives to set an example of himself to the youth community he/she targeting to reform or protect. The fact that the control in the youth work is not the control of the youth but the stages of the programme being deployed makes it a critical that the information gathered is accurate and effective in nature.The information being the vital ingredient for the deployment of a plan in the youth work as argued by Sara Banks (1998) further justifies that the youth work should comprise effective background research on the community targete d prior to planning. Sara Banks (198) further argues that the information research and the planning can be accomplished effectively and successfully deployed through closely working with the city council and the local community centres by which the youth worker enjoys higher level of support and help from the community.Sara Banks (1998) also state that stating the objective of the youth work for a particular project is the critical element for the successful planning itself. This is also justified by the arguments of Abraham Daniel (1999)8 who says that the objective of the youth work is the main element that attracts the community to participate in the youth development programme by the youth workers. Apart from the objective setting the factors of planning and evaluation are essential in order to deploy the resources since the plan of the youth work devised can be accomplished only through the effective evaluation of the information and plan in the light of the needs in the commun ity targeted.The youth work participated by the author at Shotton in North Wales where the major barrier was the linguistic communication because of the predominant Welsh population in the community. Alongside the cultural differences faced by the author and his team members along with the language barrier was overcome only through the effective information research on the community and closely working with the city council. The objective of the work being the rehabilitation of the youth who were to a lower place drug abuse was effectively planned through the effective information gathering on the activities of the youth in the community as well as the involvement of the local community centres to support the planning of the project. Furthermore, it is also essential to mention that the author who was the team member during the deployment of this project was given the opportunity of planning the work along with the team leader. It was clearly evident from the experience gained tha t the efficient planning is an essential element for the successful deployment of the youth work on hand.Alongside, the work at Shotton also provided valuable experience on the development of the controls around the project and the targets to meet in order to effectively accomplish the revival of the youth from drug abuse in the community. Since the project was initially misinterpreted as a rehabilitation project than support to the community, the marketing and communication of the project objective as a supporting element to develop the youth in the neighbourhood rather than a rehabilitation school. The process of working closely with the local community centres and the city council was highly supportive to achieve the confidence and support from the parents and foster parents of the youth. This is synonymous to the arguments of Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005)9 who argue that the marketing communication is the vital tool for successfully reaching the target customers bot h in case of the profit-based and non-profit organizations.The discussions cited above comprise a vital example for the critical nature of the information and control in the youth work.2.3 Human Resource management in youth workHuman resource in any kind of work is indispensable in nature as argued by Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003)10. This is apparently because of the fact that the effective performance of the personnel involved in the project is the kindling element for accomplishing the project goals. This is also evident from the arguments of Michael Armstrong (2003)11 who emphasises the fact that the human resource especially in a non-profit scenario is the foundation pillar for the entire project itself.The fact that the motivation and rise in the youth work or in any other form of social work is only through the effective leadership skills of the team leader who has to consider that the motivation is purely moral in nature and does not always include financial benefit s. This apparently means that the leadership skills of the manager managing the project should be exemplary and must also demonstrate flexibility along with the authority and control. This is essential because of the volatile nature of the community work and the persisting changes that can affect the performance of the team members in involved in the community work.Andrew Rothwell and conjuring trick Arnold (2005)12 argue that the human resource management in a non-profit scenario and mainly the performance management are dependent upon the level of authority and control exercised by the manager in deploying the resources. This is also because of the fact that the results are not easily measurable in case of youth and community work, which makes it critical to understand that the performance of the youth workers is predominantly dependant upon their adherence to the controls and effectiveness in deploying the plan.Alongside, the authority element as argued by Mark Krueger (2000) i s also an element of management and influence among the team members mainly because of the fact that the managers in the youth and community work do not have direct supervisory control over the team members since they work in a dispersed nature in spite of appearance the community under consideration itself. This makes it clear that the effective management can be accomplished only through the effective exercise of the authority.Furthermore, the fact that the youth workers and the youth with whom they work comprise the overall project plan makes it a complex job to effectively manage the youth worker to demonstrate self-discipline and character so as to set an example in the youth community they work. This being an essential element for the success of the youth and community work project is the major element that attributes to the human resource management by the managers in the youth work.Unlike the profit-based organization the non-profit approach with the need to demonstrate emp athy and defend effective relationship with the community makes it further critical for the managers to deploy a structured approach to the management of the youth and social work as argued by Peter F Druker (1990). A structured approach will not only enhance the performance of the youth workers but also help accomplish the objectives of the project effectively. This is also evident from the need to effectively organize the resources in order to accomplish the objectives as well as establish effective relationship with the community. The fact that the relationship with the community can be effectively nurtured through the structured deployment of the project by the managers emphasises the importance of the structured approach and performance management in youth and community work.The learning development project by the author and his team members at Tividale, in Dudley port at Birmingham is a perfect example for the aforementioned discussions. The author being the team leader not only faced the language and cultural barriers but also a level of non-cooperation by certain community centres. Since the population in the target community was of diverse origin the need for a structured approach was essential to accomplish the planning and information research stages itself. This is not only because of the structured deployment but also through the effective deployment of the human resource (i.e.) management of the team members. The team had an inherent advantage of inclusion and diversity since the members were of different origin working for the same goal. This was effectively utilised to liaise with the community centres and gather required information and involvement to the project. The management of the members through the exercise of authority for example the emphasis on working for target by the author was the factor that contributed to the effective performance among the team members. Furthermore, the planning and deployment of the project through allocati ng each team member a team of youth and an attached community centre also proven successful to the youth work as well as motivating to the youth worker.The effective planning process, which provided effective management as well as accomplishment of the targets within the time frame agreed, helped to the success of the project greatly.From the above discussions it is clear that the author of the report has strived to demonstrate a clear understanding of the management theoretical concepts with examples from this experience gained through fieldwork. In the next section a critical analysis on the big picture of the British Youth policies and equivalence to that of the European Union and a global perspective is presented to the reader.3.0 The big pictureThe British youth policies as argued by posterior A. Calhoun (2002)13 is predominantly rehabilitation based (i.e.) the use of natural law and order to accomplish the youth development can be seen in the system. Although the youth devel opment in the UK embraces the welfare of the youth, the stringent laws present on the Binge drinking and other anti-social activities that results in cash penalties and even imprisonment makes the youth insurance policy a little overstated in the UK. explanation Katz (2004)14 further argues that the policies adhered in the UK is not only the critical element for the successful deployment of youth and community work in the society but also establishes the need to establish trust among the public in order to gain their co-operation. The British youth policies in general even through as stringent laws is focused upon the overall development of the youth community in the UK in order to present an effective and sustainable environment for the future. This approach of the government is necessary because of the increasing diversity in the population in the UK.The interesting fact that the diversity in the UK population has not tarnished the support by the community to governments strive t o youth development but is also against the use of speciality and law against youth accused for anti-social activities.The need for self-discipline and control in the society as stated by John A Calhoun (2002) makes it clear that the need to use force when necessary to accomplish the aforementioned is inevitable. Furthermore, an insight into the Greater Manchester metropolitan Police report (2004)15 makes it clear that the use of force is the last used method to control anti-social behaviour by the youth involved in anti-social behaviour. This further makes it clear that youth policy both at the local and national level use force to control anti-social behaviour of youth as a last sought method rather than using it in the first instance. This justifies the youth policy of the nation, which is focused upon the development of youth and protection from abuse whilst example force when involved in anti-social behaviour.The youth policy proposed by the European Union is similar to the a pproach of UK except for the emphasis on the use of force on youth. The policy not only reflects upon the need to provide development and support to the youth but also emphasises upon the restricted use of force in by the authorities. Since the approach of European Union embraces the member states it is thus essential to emphasise upon the restriction on the use of force. This is because of the varied nature of the exercise of law and order across European Union member states thus making it essential to prevent the use of force on the youth.It is also intriguing to note that not only the western countries are involved in the youth development and support but also the countries in the furthest East like China and India. The Chinese government approach to youth development as a critical element for the economic growth of the nation makes it clear that the Far eastern countries have realised the importance of youth development in order to sustain the economic growth of their nation.4. 0 ConclusionThus to conclude this report, it is clear that the management of youth and community work by the youth workers and managers is a challenging role that requires versatile people skills blended with effective management and planning. The overview on the theoretical concepts and the examples has revealed the authors understanding and knowledge in managing youth and community work.The overview on the big picture detailing the British youth policy and the European Union has also justified the extent of research conducted in order to establish as an autonomous and reflective practitioner in the area of youth and community work by the author.5.0 ReferencesBooksDerek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management HRM in Action, UK Prentice HallMichael Armstrong and Tina Stephens (2003) A handbook of employee pay off management and practice, capital of the United Kingdom Kogan PagePeter F. Druker (1990), Managing the non-profit organization practices and principles, Lond on Butterworth-HeinemannPhilip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management 12e, Prentice Hall IndiaJournals and reportsAbraham Daniel (1999), ESTABLISHMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE UNITS. Annals of Public Cooperative Economics, Vol. 42 unfreeze 2, p169Andrew Rothwell and John Arnold (2005), How HR professionals rate continuing professional development Human Resource Management Journal, 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p18-32Bill Katz (2004), Youth constitution The Monthly Report on National Youth Program and Issues. Library Journal, 4/1/89, Vol. 114 Issue 6, p119-119Greater Manchester Metropolitan Police (2004), Performance StatisticsJohn A. Calhoun (2002), Claiming youth A new paradigm in youth policy. New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, Winter2002, Vol. 2002 Issue 38, p67-80Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curiosity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work. utilise Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4.Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curios ity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work Applied Developmental Science, Jun2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p21-27Mark Schoenhals (1998), The educational and Personal Consequences of adolescent Employment. Social Forces, Dec98, Vol. 77 Issue 2, p723-762Paul Osterman (1978), Youth, Work, and Unemployment. May/Jun78, Vol. 21 Issue 2Robert F. Ashcraft (2000), Where Youth Work Preparation Meets high command Perspectives From an American Humanics Campus Program. Applied Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4Sara Banks (1998), Codes of ethics and Ethical Conduct A View from the Caring Professions. Public Money Management, Jan-Mar98, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p27Footnotes1 Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curiosity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work. Applied Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4.2 Peter F. Druker (1990), Managing the non-profit organization practices and principles, London Butterworth-Heinemann3 Robert F. Ashcraft (2000), Where Youth Work Preparation Meets Higher Education Perspectives From an American Humanics Campus Program. Applied Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 44 Paul Osterman (1978), Youth, Work, and Unemployment. May/Jun78, Vol. 21 Issue 25 Mark Schoenhals (1998), The Educational and Personal Consequences of Adolescent Employment.. Social Forces, Dec98, Vol. 77 Issue 2, p723-7626 Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curiosity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work Applied Developmental Science, Jun2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p21-277 Sara Banks (1998), Codes of Ethics and Ethical Conduct A View from the Caring Professions. Public Money Management, Jan-Mar98, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p278 Abraham Daniel (1999), ESTABLISHMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE UNITS. Annals of Public Cooperative Economics, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p1699 Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management 12e, Prentice Hall India10 Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management HRM in Action, UK Pre ntice Hall11 Michael Armstrong and Tina Stephens (2003) A handbook of employee reward management and practice, London Kogan Page12 Andrew Rothwell and John Arnold (2005), How HR professionals rate continuing professional development Human Resource Management Journal, 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p18-3213 John A. Calhoun (2002), Claiming youth A new paradigm in youth policy. New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, Winter2002, Vol. 2002 Issue 38, p67-8014 Bill Katz (2004), Youth Policy The Monthly Report on National Youth Program and Issues. Library Journal, 4/1/89, Vol. 114 Issue 6, p119-11915 Greater Manchester Metropolitan Police (2004), Performance Statistics